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­　　Fighting fake news

­　　新聞“打假”，轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)是關(guān)鍵

­　　導(dǎo)讀：信息時(shí)代的來(lái)臨，讓我們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪薪邮芤惠営忠惠喌男畔⑥Z炸，社交媒體上的假新聞也層出不窮。那么，要如何才能有效地遏制這些泛濫的假新聞呢?

­　　Whose story would you believe: your favorite social media star’s or a world famous newspaper’s?

­　　你會(huì)相信誰(shuí)寫(xiě)的文章：你最喜歡的社交明星，還是世界知名報(bào)紙?

­　　A recent study, called Media Insight Project, discovered something interesting. The project, funded (資助) by the American Press Institute and The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research, found that people’s trust in a piece of content (內(nèi)容) on Facebook was stronger if they trusted the person who shared it, regardless of which organization published it.

­　　近期一項(xiàng)被稱(chēng)為“媒體洞察項(xiàng)目”的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些有趣的事情。這個(gè)由美國(guó)新聞學(xué)會(huì)與美聯(lián)社NORC公共事務(wù)研究中心資助的項(xiàng)目發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果臉書(shū)上的一則消息是由人們信任的人所分享的，他們對(duì)此的信任感就會(huì)更強(qiáng)，無(wú)論這則消息由哪家機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)布。

­　　In the study, scientists built a fake (虛假的) Facebook post about health news and showed it to about 1,500 Americans. Half of them got the post from a sharer they said they trusted – a public figure such as US TV star Oprah Winfrey. The others got it from a sharer they didn’t trust. Half of them were shown that the article was published by news agency the Associated Press (AP), while the other half was shown a made-up news provider, Daily News Review.

­　　在這項(xiàng)研究中，科學(xué)家們?cè)谀槙?shū)上發(fā)布了一則捏造的健康新聞，并將其展示給了1500個(gè)美國(guó)人看。他們當(dāng)中有一半的人是從他們信任的分享者處——如美國(guó)電視明星奧普拉·溫弗莉等公眾人物 —— 看到這一帖子;另外的人則是從他們不信任的分享者處獲得消息。半數(shù)人被告知文章是由新聞機(jī)構(gòu)美聯(lián)社發(fā)布的，而另一半人則被告知文章來(lái)源于一個(gè)虛構(gòu)的新聞供應(yīng)方《每日新聞評(píng)論》。

­　　The results showed that what mattered most was whether the story was posted by someone who people trust. For example, more people thought the article was accurate (準(zhǔn)確的) if the sharer was trusted but the article came from a fictitious (虛構(gòu)的) news outlet (49 percent). If the article came from the AP but the sharer was not trusted, the results were lower (32 percent).

­　　結(jié)果表明，(調(diào)查中)最關(guān)鍵的是該文章是否由人們所信任的人發(fā)布。比如，如果分享者受到人們信任，就算文章來(lái)源于一個(gè)虛構(gòu)的新聞單位，也會(huì)有更多的人相信文章的準(zhǔn)確度(49%);如果文章出自美聯(lián)社然而分享者卻并不被信任，那么結(jié)果的數(shù)據(jù)就會(huì)低一些(32%)。

­　　The participants were also more likely to share the article, follow the person who shared it, or otherwise engage (互動(dòng)) with the post when they got it from someone they trusted.

­　　當(dāng)研究參與者們從自己信任的人那里看到了帖子，他們會(huì)更可能和分享文章的人一樣轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)該文章，或者在帖子下互動(dòng)。

­　　“When people see news from a person they trust, they are more likely to think it gets the facts right, contains diverse (多樣的) points of view, and is well reported than if the same article is shared by someone they are skeptical (懷疑) of,” the researchers wrote.

­　　“人們從信任的人那里看見(jiàn)新聞，要比從自身的懷疑對(duì)象那里看見(jiàn)同一篇文章更有可能認(rèn)為該新聞信息真實(shí)、包含多樣的觀點(diǎn)、并被廣泛報(bào)道。”研究人員寫(xiě)道。

­　　It seems that the same pattern also fits teenagers. A recent study by the nonprofit Common Sense Media claimed that teenagers are particularly trusting of news from family members and teachers. It showed that 66 percent of them said they trust the information received from family, compared with 25 percent for news organizations.

­　　相同的情況似乎同樣適用于青少年。非營(yíng)利性機(jī)構(gòu)“常識(shí)媒體”近期發(fā)布的一項(xiàng)研究稱(chēng)，青少年尤其相信從家庭成員和老師那里得到的消息。該研究表明，有66%的青少年表示，他們相信從家人那里得到的消息，而相信新聞機(jī)構(gòu)的只有25%。

­　　So what does this mean for social media users?

­　　所以，這對(duì)社交媒體的用戶來(lái)說(shuō)意味著什么呢?

­　　“As citizens of information and consumers (消費(fèi)者) of information, we have to learn how to be critical (批判的) of the information that we consume. Journalists have an important role to play in helping audiences navigate the news ecosystem (生態(tài)系統(tǒng)),” Claire Wardle, a digital media researcher from First Draft News, said in an ABC TV debate on the rise of fake news.

­　　“作為信息公民和信息的消費(fèi)者，我們需要學(xué)習(xí)如何批判地看待我們所消費(fèi)的消息。新聞工作者在幫助受眾們找到新聞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的導(dǎo)向上扮演著重要的角色。”來(lái)自First Draft News網(wǎng)站的數(shù)字媒體研究員克萊爾•沃德?tīng)栐谝粓?chǎng)有關(guān)虛假新聞興起的ABC電視辯論中如是說(shuō)道。